What Makes A Lousy ETF

Putting your eggs in multiple baskets is the surest way to minimize risk and build wealth, right? You can add that to the list of homespun nonsense that sounds good but is patently false:

  • Wear a stupid wool hat, you lose 60% of your body heat through your head
  • The more you shave a particular body part, the faster the hair grows back
  • Standing in front of a microwave oven will bombard you with deadly gamma rays
  • Smoking is bad for you.

Behold the ETF (exchange-traded fund if you’re new here), a mutual fund that trades on a stock exchange. Like a mutual fund, it consists of the stocks of various companies, often numbering in the hundreds or even thousands. Unlike with a mutual fund, investors can buy and sell ETFs throughout the day. They have a ticker symbol and an immediately available price and everything. Mutual funds’ values aren’t calculated until the day closes and all their components’ prices have settled. Plus mutual funds don’t trade on exchanges, of course.

So what’s a good ETF to invest in? Let’s look atop the leaderboard. Never forget the 1st rule of investing, Past performance is a perfect predictor of future performance. 

(Kidding. The line about smoking was deathly serious, though.)

Your top 5 over the past year, regardless of market sector:

 

Screen Shot 2013-09-08 at 6.12.04 PM

 

Confused? Don’t be. The naming convention is standard: fund company, followed by description. Price is self-explanatory. That’s followed by performance since January 1 and performance since September 18 of last year.

Let’s take a look at the first one, iPath Long Extended Russell 1000 TR Index ETN. iPath isn’t a company, but rather a subsidiary of BlackRock. As for BlackRock, that’s an investment firm with a good reason for concealing its name. It’s owned by public charity case Bank of America, rate-fixing British bank Barclays, and PNC Financial Services (Pittsburgh National Corporation, the eponym of the Pirates’ ballpark.)

The ETF in question is actually an ETN, or exchange-traded note. The difference is that it’s composed of unsecured corporate notes, rather than stocks.

Extended Russell 1000 TR Index means that the ETN tracks the Russell 1000 Total Return Index. That’s an index composed of the prices of 1000 large firms that, according to Russell Investments, represent 92% of the U.S. market. As for Russell Investments, it’s a subsidiary of Northwestern Mutual, an insurance and financial services firm out of Milwaukee. And we are now 3 degrees removed from the subject at hand.

What about the worst fund in existence, defined as the one that’s lost the most money in the past year?

NUGT

Behold NUGT, the too-clever stock symbol for the Direxion Daily Gold Miners Bull 3X Shares ETF. That’s a name with enough qualifiers that we should deconstruct it:

Direxion. Investment firm founded in 1997, based in Milwaukee. Or as their impregnable website copy puts it,

We offer practical investment solutions to today’s market challenges with a broad suite of highly liquid, institutional-style alternative investment strategies.

Well, that said nothing. What they mean is that the funds they sell are supposed to complement your investments, not be them.

“Institutional-style.” Here are some more empty buzzwords, all from a single “About” page:

  • risk-adjusted performance through evolving market conditions
  • position portfolios opportunistically for near- and long-term market trends
  • access to strategies that provide exposure to multidirectional opportunities
  • innovative investment products and services

Innovative? Don’t flatter yourself, Jim. The last “innovative investment product” was the hedge fund. You’re not creating the cotton gin or the mp3 player here.

No wonder most of our recent college graduates can’t find jobs. They can barely communicate.

Daily, in this instance, means that the fund sets daily goals for itself. That alone should be a clue for an individual investor to step back and be cautious. You’re in this for decades, remember? Who gives a damn what an ETF does from Tuesday to Wednesday? We’ll skip over the next couple of qualifiers, get back to them in a minute.

3x. The aforementioned daily goal is to outperform a particular index, and do so threefold. In other words, if the index rises 1% in a given day, the Direxion Daily Gold Miners Bull 3X Shares ETF should rise 3%.

Gold Miners. The index in question is not the Dow, nor even the S&P 500, but something considerably more specialized: the NYSE Arca Gold Miners index.

Do we need to break this down even more? We probably do. The New York Stock Exchange’s most famous index is, of course, the Dow Jones Industrial Average. But that’s just one among hundreds that the NYSE calculates. (Arca, by the way, is short for Archipelago Exchange – a Chicago-based electronic exchange that the NYSE’s parent company bought in 2005. We have to specify “electronic” because unlike NASDAQ and just about every other stock exchange on Earth, the NYSE still, incredibly, conducts much of its business via open outcry. That is, ill-tailored traders yelling at each other.)

The NYSE Gold Miners index is a constant multiplied by the total of the prices of the stocks of 29 gold mining companies, as follows:

index components

 

As you can see, the index isn’t close to evenly weighted. By the time you reach the bottom, the companies are small. Golden Star Resources, whose operations consist entirely of 2 mines in Ghana, has a market capitalization of about $140 million. That’s still one more mine than Nevsun has (in Eritrea.) Anyhow, the Gold Miners index changes daily and Direxion tries to beat the changes with this particular ETF.

Finally, Bull. Because there’s a corresponding Bear ETF that tries to do the exact inverse: achieve a daily return 3 times the opposite of the change in the Gold Miners index.

So there you go, with a definition that necessitated a long discussion. Now, onto the question that 99% of ETF owners never bother to ask:

What’s in my fund?

Well, that depends. Seeing as NUGT tries to take advantage of daily price fluctuations, its holdings change every day. Direxion’s own website offers no help on this issue, listing a useless summary of price movements in lieu of a comprehensive list of holdings. This is 2013, we’re better than this.

The good news is that Direxion won’t let you buy its daily funds unless you’ve proven that you’re rich and experienced. But this isn’t just an academic exercise. You owe it to yourself, almost literally, to find out what’s in your mutual funds. We’re teaching you to fish here. It takes just a minute or two. For instance, the T. Rowe Price Value Fund is the most widely held in the world. Regular investors just like you own pieces of it. Google the name of the fund, find its relevant page on the investment firm’s website, find out what it’s composed of, and stop complaining.

Carnival of Wealth, Quokka Edition

The only Australian animal that doesn't carry 14 different kinds of venom in its sac

The only Australian animal that doesn’t carry 14 different kinds of lethal venom in its sac

 

Just look at this guy! Quokkas live in southwesternmost Australia and, it’s said, have no fear of humans. (Poor naïve little things.) They’re the size of cats, they’ll eat whatever you put in front of them, and we wish we could trade the scorpions that populate our neighborhood for a quokka or two. Now, let’s carnival up:

Are there really people who buy groceries with food stamps and then pile the groceries into a Bentley? Probably. Come to think of it, didn’t Notorious B.I.G. do it? Well, he got his. Carmen at Gajizmo calls out those people, and the ones who buy too much car even without sucking on the taxpayer teat. Just because you can afford an Infiniti, buying one with 80% of your income is a dumb idea regardless of how much you make. Leasing it is even dumber. Bonus: Map that shows that the most lucrative jobs in the country these days involve working for the federal government and thus producing nothing of value. (Don’t click on the “how to save money on gas” link contained therein, it’ll make your head hurt.)

First and presumably last submission from JeanNicole (no space) Rivers at 5 Star Student. She lost us with the post title (“Funny Things Kids Say #2”), and the subhead just killed it. (“Dollars and…”) Guess what? Guess freaking what goes in the ellipsis.

Sense LOL! Dollars and Sense! See, you thought it was going to be “Dollars and Cents”, but where’s the fun in that? Instead, you were sitting there reading along, minding your own business and then BOOM, JeanNicole messes your stuff up with the comedic cut fastball. On the other hand, she spelled every word without error and even punctuated “its” correctly, i.e. not at all.

Barbara Friedberg continues to fight the noble fight with her wealth-building guide for the financially illiterate. Who are not to be confused with the literally illiterate, whom you can usually see here every Monday. Yes, Barbara wrote a book about how to get rich entitled How to Get Rich. And she made a YouTube video. Please click on it, it had 38 views as the CoW went live.

Last week we ran a submission from a guy who advocated saving money by…not flushing the toilet. He’s now effectively dead to us, so we’re running movie reviews from hypnotherapists. Specifically a review of Jobs by Jon Rhodes at Affiliate Help.

Dividend Growth Investor must have gone on vacation a fortnight ago, but has returned with a description of the all-encompassing purpose of his investment stragety (he said in Bugs Bunny-like fashion.) The dividends themselves are secondary, a means to an end. Income, particularly increasing income, is what we’re after here. Getting all moist over dividend yields is stupid if you have to lower the denominator instead of increasing the numerator to get there.

(Did they just say “moist”? Nah, must’ve been a typo.)

Defending Control Your Cash Woman of the Year Paula Pant at Afford Anything again takes conventional wisdom and stands it on its head. Continuing the tiresome analogy, until the money falls out of its pockets. But only the bills, because Paula has little use for pennies and nickels.

To take an ever-so-slight tangent, we’ve made a cottage industry out of taking down noted pinchfist Trent Hamm. We spend a few thousand words doing so every couple of months, although our obsession makes it seem more frequent. But Paula managed to summarize the problem with Trent’s ilk in a single line:

I used to shuffle small sums of money between savings accounts because one offered an interest rate that was 0.5 percent higher than the other. (Total extra earnings: maybe $10 per year).

Trent’s likely response: “Good for you! Why’d you stop?”

Do fewer tasks with greater returns. If you’re instead doing more tasks with smaller returns, and patting yourself on the back for “staying busy,” well, that’s why you’re coming home from your sales coordinator job exhausted while Paula is sipping espresso in a café in either in Bulgaria or Guinea-Bissau.

Bigger Pockets is a new entrant this week (we say “entrant”, like it’s a race. Hell, maybe it is.) Guest poster Jason Hull has set a quantifiable goal: ensuring that half his retirement income derives from residential real estate. Which means that his retirement income should equal his properties’ rental income, given the site’s stated rule:

Over time, 50% of your real estate investment’s income will be spent on expenses, not including the mortgage.

What’s trippy and slightly depressing about this post is that Jason – a hale and sharp 40-year-old – has already factored his own senescence into the equation. It’s the exact inverse of YOLO thinking:

[A]t some point, [Hull and Mrs. Hull are] going to get to be too old to deal with rental properties…This will be particularly the case as our cognitive skills decline.

Jason has no kids to shove him into a nursing home in 2054, so he’s probably found a workaround there, too.

We allow a single CoW submission per customer per week, otherwise the thing would collapse in a miasma of debt-blogger diatribes. But when you’re Jason Hull, you get an exemption. On his own site, Hull Financial Planning, Jason critiques the continuum that has indulgence without regard for consequences at one end, and rigid deferral at the other. The sweet spot is the area where you have the capacity to enjoy things and experiences (“hedonic units”, if you will) while knowing that the credit card balance that’ll appear at the end of the month will be vanquished with a single payment. Your present enjoyment and your capacity for future enjoyment might not be perfectly correlated, but there’s a way to maximize both simultaneously. Learn your derivatives, kids.

Jim Jones at Critical Financial is a lumberjack, and he’s alright. Mr. Jones inadvertently found himself with 8 acres of marketable old-growth timber, but every means of removing it involved him breaking a sweat. Until he found someone willing to do the work and take a cut (LOL!) Jim farmed out the work, reasoning that 45% someone else’s labor > 100% of one’s own.

If you’ve got variables, PKamp3 at DQYDJ.net has a corresponding calculator for you. This week, our most intrepid submitter lets you plug in your savings rate, income, net worth and ambiguous expectations, creating an output that’ll tell you whether financial independence is an achievable goal for you or merely a theoretical ideal.

Don (no further description, not even a surname) at My Dollar Plan says it’s never too early to look at your tax situation for a given year. Not literally, of course – reviewing your filing status and HSA contributions on January 2 does seem a little much. But late September is as good a time as any to boost your IRA.

Mike St. Pierre at Annuity Rates HQ changes gears this year, advocating a long position in several exchange-traded notes as a vehicle for retirement income.

Just kidding. He’s plugging annuities again, for the 4000th week in a row.

(Post rejected because it’s 4 months old. Come on, get it together.)

Harry Campbell at Your PF Pro recently quit his job, thus he’s resorted to paid reviews of PayPal competitors to keep the lights on. We wish him the best.

Thanks again for reading. See you tomorrow. (® Applebee’s 2013)