Control Everything But Your Cash

We're running out of metaphors

There’s an argument for being contrarian, and a solid one. A true contrarian would have emerged from the recent housing crisis not only unscathed, but rich. In its simplest incarnation, contrarianism means exactly what it sounds like: buy when everyone else is selling, and vice versa.

The reason this doesn’t work when you follow it to the letter is that it means you would have sold Google stock when the rest of the world was pushing it up from $100 to $579; and you would have bought GM stock when everyone else was jumping off, anywhere from $72 down to its eventual delisting. Over the course of the stock market’s history, you would have lost money.

A popular hypothesis is that of the “permanent bull market”, which states that any downturn in the market, however long, is but temporary. Accounting for inflation, the Dow is well ahead of where it was when it started and it always will be over any given period if you just wait long enough. Therefore, just wait long enough.

The problem is that humans have life expectancies on the order of only a few boom-and-bust cycles. Generalities don’t really help when formulating an investment strategy. Yes, you can figure out which stocks to buy by analyzing fundamentals – in fact, we recommend it because we can get you started for a mere $3.50 – but even that implies that there’s a future worth investing in.

Not to go completely nihilistic on you, but ask yourself the following questions. Seriously. Don’t just read them, think about the answers.

  1. Is there a particular number the Dow could rise to that would give you confidence in the American economy?
  2. If so, what’s that number?
  3. When do you realistically think we’ll get there?
  4. (And did you factor in inflation?)

I recently asked the president of a publicly traded foreign company this very set of questions. Conducted orally, so he couldn’t see which one was coming next. Here were his answers:

  1. Yes
  2. 13,000
  3. (hesitating) 2013? Maybe 2014.
  4. (more hesitation)

Crossing your fingers and trying to convince yourself that things can only get better is better than being pessimistic, it would seem, but eventually you have to start quantifying things and weighing your situation against inflexible time horizons. Us each getting a year older every 12 months is the only constant. What the economy does is, of course, variable.

The following are not opinions:

America’s credit rating now at its lowest level ever, on par with Belgium’s.

If the Greek or Irish economy tanks, the damage can be somewhat contained. Not so for the country with by far the world’s largest GDP.

With a few notable exceptions, no member of either party in the United States government’s legislative or executive branches is remotely serious about reducing its size (and therefore reducing the size of its current and future obligations.)

Those same government functionaries have all but stated that their goal is to eliminate risk, which is a functional impossibility. Of course, the buzzwords they use are far more benign (“keep Americans in their homes”, “make the rich pay their fair share”, “put America back to work” et al.)

People are at least finally learning how to save.
(Ha! Just kidding. It’s true that that’s not an opinion, but it is a falsehood. People are borrowing more than they have in years.)

——–

The consensus opinion among the populace seems to be to wait and see. But an enterprising contrarian can’t decide to simply do the opposite of nothing.

At Control Your Cash we try to keep away from giving specific investment advice. Not because we’re not professionals, but because our M.O. has always been to teach people to fish. That being said, it’s time to champion hard assets.

Real estate is finite. With a growing population, it would seem that real estate’s value will always increase in the broadest of terms. (People need to live and conduct business somewhere.) Gold and other precious metals are finite, at least until alchemy makes a comeback.

“But technically, everything is finite”, you argue. Which would be true if we’re restricting our discussion to the tangible. But there is literally no limit to the money a worrisome government can create. If you don’t believe that, or think it’s an overreaction, go ask a Zimbabwean. Or a Weimar-era German, if there are any left.

Inflation isn’t just a devaluing of the currency. It’s a way to punish the poor at the expense of the rich (because rich people, almost by definition, keep a smaller ratio of their wealth in cash than poor people do. Rich folks can buy assets and hold onto them. Those whose wealth consists primarily of cash aren’t just too tempted to spend it, they’re too subject to the machinations of a market that conducts business in weakening dollars.)

Sooner or later, a government with overwhelming obligations and too many creditors will have no choice but to employ the nuclear option: if you owe lots of dollars, it makes sense to make each dollar you owe worth less. If you can do it, that is. You can’t. Governments can. And shortly, will.

**This article is featured in the Yakezie Carnival-September 11th, 10th Anniversary Edition**

So what does it all mean? 



A little caulking, and you can't even tell the difference

 

UPDATE 7:14 p.m. MDT: AA+, baby! First American downgrade in the 90-year history of ratings! U-S-A! U-S-A! Fortunately, the Obama Administration has unveiled the true culprit: the messenger.

A nation’s credit rating is analogous to your credit score. Pay your bills on time, never carry a balance, and your score will be near the theoretical maximum of 850. Act like the representatives and functionaries of the United States government do, and your credit rating will be closer to the theoretical minimum of 300.

The higher your score, the more credit you’re entitled to, and at lower rates. Your diligence on the front end can result in lower mortgage payments when you apply for a loan. Same goes for car financing, etc. (Not that we encourage car financing, but if you can find a rate so low that it lets you free up your own capital to be invested elsewhere at a higher rate, take it.) It’s hard to find a definitive source for this quote, but the classic line is “Credit is most available to the people who need it least.”

National credit ratings are on a different, more coarsely calibrated, non-numerical scale. The same principle is supposed to apply: the better the rating, the lower the interest rates the country can borrow at; and indirectly, the more likely it is that businesses will invest in said country. Standard & Poor’s, the biggest credit rating agency, uses the following rating scheme: AAA/AA/A/BBB/BB/B/CC. Below AAA, each rating also includes either a plus sign, or a minus sign, or nothing. Beyond that, each rating includes a terse descriptor: “positive”, “stable”, the ominous-sounding “watch negative” or “negative”. Confusing things even more, the “positive” and “negative” descriptors have nothing to do with the + or – signs found in some ratings. S&P (the same people behind the S&P 500 stock index) doesn’t rate every country in the world, because places like Tuvalu and the Vatican City don’t attract enough foreign investment to warrant anyone crunching the numbers (nor do those countries even have their own currencies.)

Standard & Poor’s does rate 128 countries, including pseudo-countries such as Abu Dhabi and Hong Kong. There are no AAA positive countries by definition, as they have nowhere to go but down. Here’s the complete list of AAA stable countries:

Australia
Austria
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Hong Kong
(but not China, which is AA- stable)
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Singapore
Sweden
Switzerland
UK/Isle of Man/Guernsey

Notice anything missing? Here’s the complete list of AAA negative countries:

United States

Which for us is historically low. Fall to the next level, AA+ stable, and we’d be sharing creditworthiness with New Zealand and closing in on Belgium.

If you’re interested, the only CC country in the world is Greece.

Therefore, it would seem, the United States’ transition from the world’s most dynamic economy to a backwater incapable of paying its bills and digging ever further into debt is  a foregone conclusion at this point. But it isn’t, and this is why:

Volume.

Let’s say you make $40,000 a year and indeed use credit as wisely and sparingly as possible. And say you somehow crack the Fair, Isaac & Co. secret formula to the point where your credit score sits at a perfect 850. You apply to your bank for a loan, primarily just to see if you can do it but also because you want to see how low an interest rate you can qualify for.

The moment after you walk in, Sergey Brin and his 849 credit score apply for a loan.

Who do you think’s going to get a loan with more favorable terms? Mr. Brin might not be quite as on top of his obligations as you are, but he’s not far behind. And he’s got far more money than you do, and far more potential for making yet more. Don’t take it personally.

On Monday the House of Representatives voted to raise the debt ceiling, leaving the Senate to rubber-stamp a similar bill Tuesday and drawing more attention to a particular vote than anything since the nationalization of health care. The nation will reach its credit limit in a few months, Congress will request another increase, and so on indefinitely. Why? Because they can. The Greeks didn’t have this luxury of preeminence, at least not in the last 25 centuries or so.

For the last few weeks we’ve been subjected to a panicked call from journalists who don’t know any better and politicians who never let a good crisis go to waste, trying to make you believe that the world economy is on a precipice. It isn’t. Economies don’t collapse overnight, and if they did it wouldn’t be because of legislative stalemate. If Standard & Poor’s and its fellow agencies Moody’s and Fitch downgrade America’s rating, it’s still going to be relatively strong. Far stronger than China’s, for instance. And we’ll still attract investment from abroad, simply from sheer size. No other country can boast 300 million first-world consumers with a relentless penchant for buying things. That’s a greater determinant of economic robustness than anything else.

That’s not to say that our economy isn’t in the toilet. Nor that our elected representatives don’t need to exercise some serious restraint. Raising the debt ceiling (to more than twice what it was during George W. Bush’s first term) only invites more opportunity to finance an already unsustainable level of government spending. But let’s call Monday’s vote to raise the debt ceiling what it was: it wasn’t a last-second attempt to right the American economy before it collapsed. It was an indirect means of letting our nation’s record debt break even more records. Greater interest payments and an economy built more on borrowing than on wealth creation? Yes, but that’s your grandkids’ problem.

**This article is featured in the Carnival of Personal Finance #322: Diminished Expectations Edition**

The money’s sitting there. JUST TAKE IT!




Speaking of UC-Santa Barbara, here’s some loser who couldn’t get into a better school. Carol Greider. America’s latest Nobel laureate in physiology/medicine.

A few weeks ago we got chided (chiding is a regular occurrence in our world) by the guy in change of a far more prominent personal finance blog that we occasionally contribute to.

A high school senior had a choice to make – a free ride at a demanding but obscure college, or full price ($40,000) at a heralded school in the Ivy minor League. Let’s call the first school Commuter University, and the latter Pretension College. She posted her dilemma on the site and asked commenters to weigh in.

Can you guess what people recommended? Here, we’ll do it in multiple-choice form:

__ Do whatever you think is best.
__ Either one is a good choice, there are pros and cons to both.
__ This is the time to live, not to think about financial considerations.
__ Have you thought about student loans?

__ Are you insane? Go to the school that’s offering the full scholarship.

The answers were evenly split among the first 4, with one vote for #5. You can probably guess whom.

#1 and #2 don’t even count as advice, but that doesn’t stop people from sharing their non-opinions. #3 and #4 are essentially the same (rotten) advice, which is to incur debt now and worry about the ramifications later.

The worst part is that she was going to study a hard science, too. Look, if you major in chemistry, it doesn’t really matter whether you do it at Duke or at the University of North Texas. It’s not going to impact your ability to get a job in your chosen field. Only those who employ non-scientists (sociologists, social workers, basically anything that starts with “soc-”, with the possible exception of soccer coaches) care that you went to a “prominent” school. A Harvard English degree might be more profitable than one from Cal-Santa Barbara, only because of that ridiculous concept called cachet. It’s not as if the professors at the former can inspire you to parse the meaning of Pilgrim’s Progress any better than those at the latter.

This girl was obviously bright enough to get the attention of multiple schools, but her financial acumen was the equivalent of a kindergartner’s. And along with the failure to make the obvious decision were a litany of excuses, most of them citing “life experiences” and other non-monetary considerations. Not that non-monetary considerations aren’t important in this life, but paying for college isn’t one of them. Knowing that you’re going to be incurring 4 years’ worth of student loans is like knowing that you’re going to have a gigantic credit card balance in 2015. Or knowing that you’re going to lose every game of chance you play. Or knowing that your house is going to lose $40,000 in value. The last three examples are somewhat subject to explanation, but the first one was a fixed cost that this woman gleefully embraced. The two birds in the bush are the primary motivating factors for many a young person who can’t see the giant California condor resting in her palm.

We finished our diatribe by asking an equivalent question with a slight twist, which no one (including the story’s protagonist) bothered to answer:

This time, it’s Pretension College that offers you the full scholarship. Meanwhile, Commuter University starts off your freshman orientation week by handing you a $40,000 check. Now which school do you prefer?

**This article is featured in the Carnival of Personal Finance #320-Plutus Awards Edition**