How To Go Broke In Real Estate

One month, she tried to pay in canned goods and STDs

 

Every other post, you guys write about making money through real estate. It’s not that simple. 

We never said it was. If your wealth plan consists of nothing more than buying the cheapest house you can find and then placing an ad on Craig’s List for a renter, of course you’re going to fail. Here are some other handy tips to turn passive income into passive outgo:

 

1. Don’t do your homework. 

If you want to become a residential landlord, it takes 5 minutes to determine how much units are going for in your selected neighborhood. And another 4 minutes to see how much competing landlords are charging. Once you do, you can easily calculate cash-on-cash return on your investment (which is your down payment, divided into the rents you receive less the operating expenses and mortgage payment.)

You really do make your money going in, a truism that applies to most investments. Do the prep work before you get started, and you won’t be in the position that so many failed landlords end up in: a couple months later, losing money every month and not understanding why, then running the numbers and realizing that the only way to make cash flow on the property is to charge 3 times market rent. Which no renter will pay, and which you won’t be able to charge until the lease you made the current renter sign expires anyway.

 

2. Maintain a personal relationship with your renters. We know one gregarious, outgoing guy who built his wealth in the glamorous business of hair removal. When the money started coming in, he began buying houses. His pleasant demeanor is killing him as a landlord. He collects the rent personally: that is, when the renters feel like paying. He admits that at least one renter’s kids call him “Uncle Pete”, which means the battle’s already lost. When we asked if he bought the kids Christmas gifts, he laughed but didn’t answer.

How to fix this? Staying detached isn’t that difficult. Friends are friends. Accounts receivable are accounts receivable. There’s no reason why the twain need to meet. Uncle Pete could have saved himself aggravation if he’d hired a property manager.

We can’t say property managers are worth their weight in gold, because many of them are overweight middle-aged ladies who weren’t adept at selling real estate for commission and thus chose to work on what’s essentially salary. But a good property manager will save you myriad headaches.

Property managers usually charge 8-10%. For that they’ll find you a renter, collect the rent, and deal with all the unforeseen problems that come up so you don’t have to (calling someone to fix the dishwasher, et al.) It’s worth their cut just for you to not have to deal with collecting the rent yourself. Not because collecting rent eats up a lot of time, but tracking down even one late tenant will make you appreciate the value of a property manager.

Say a tenant wants to beg you for an extension, or explain to you that he wants the late fee waived because he needed money to buy his daughter a new pair of crutches for her polio. He can’t do so if he doesn’t know how to contact you (or better yet, doesn’t even know your name.) Instead, everything goes through the property manager and it’s not your problem. She’s experienced at this and knows how to keep the relationship purely business. She can be a good cop and shrug her shoulders when the tenant begs for a break; “I really would love to help you, but the landlord’s being obstinate. You’re right, he’s such a jerk.” Or she can be a bad cop and put her foot down. “These are the rules. You’re welcome to leave in the middle of the night and have us hold onto your security deposit, if you’re that kind of person. Did I mention my daughter’s married to a police captain?”

 

3. Don’t do due diligence. 

In the early 21st century, there’s no excuse for not knowing as much as you possibly can about a person who’s in a position to defraud you. Google a potential renter’s phone number, and you might be able to find his long-dormant MySpace page on which his friends have left posts discussing the awesome strain of Panama Red they recently smoked. A simple name search can lead to the endlessly fascinating WhosArrested.com (WARNING: you can spend hours on there.) Confirming that a renter is clean and responsible – or at the very least, isn’t waving any red flags in your face – isn’t that hard to do.

Ultimately, be cold and antiseptic. Remember, it’s business. Save the wimpiness and the malleability for your child-rearing and your other personal relationships. Ruthlessness isn’t a necessary condition for building wealth. But letting yourself be a doormat is a sufficient condition for losing wealth.

This article is featured in:

**The Festival of Frugality #320: It’s Warm Somewhere in the World Edition**

**Top Personal Finance Posts of the Week-The Facebook IPO Edition**

Opportunity. It’s staring you in the face.

He keeps his phone on the belt loop of his khakis? Never would have guessed that.

 

Clark Howard, that empty golf shirt, recently rehashed his same old pablum into yet another book. Its banner reads, “It’s not what you earn, it’s what you save!” This is wrong on so many levels, but the main one is this: there’s a limit to how much you can save. There’s no limit to how much you can earn.

(NOTE for ladies and excessively cultured men: this post continues with a two-paragraph sports analogy. If you hate sports analogies, which Frank Luntz says you do, skip to the subsequent two paragraphs for a comparable analogy about…weight loss! Because everyone knows that women obsess about their weight. Hey, we’re just the messengers. Blame Luntz, the guy who says you’re easy to categorize.)

Most personal finance advice is the equivalent of a baseball manager who obsesses over pitching and defense to the exclusion and detriment of everything else. (Looking at you, Bud Black.) Each runner you allow on base could end up losing the game for you, therefore each is a problem that needs to be rectified. More important is the overarching meta-problem of reducing the number of baserunners you allow in the first place.

Nowhere in this development does anyone ask, “Wouldn’t it give us far more margin for error and make life a lot easier if we, I don’t know, scored some runs?”

Most obese people who make the requisite half-hearted public attempt to improve their bodies concentrate on one thing: minimizing intake. Minimizing for calories, or fat, or carbohydrates, some variable. If I only pare the volume that I swallow down to a workable size, I can turn from spherical into some more streamlined shape.

Again, it’s an obsession with the subtractive side of the ledger, rather than the additive side. The fat people who at least attempt to restrict their diets vastly outweigh (hey-oh!) the fat people who instead concentrate on building up – on powering their bodies by regularly lifting weights and doing cardiovascular exercise.

(Some of you are reading that last sentence and saying, “Well, of course the fat people who obsess on slimming outnumber the ones who focus on building muscle and thus increasing their metabolisms: eventually, the latter won’t be fat.”)

Exactly.

Same goes for your finances. The cacophony of people who can’t shut up about carpooling, repairing holes in clothes and making their own soap is deafening. The message is clear, if flawed: scrimp, or skimp, as much as possible. Do without. Justify every purchase you make. At the very least, you’ll overload yourself with doubt, and opt not to buy the item in question just so you can give your brain a rest.

Do that, and you’ll free up money to…pay your creditors with. Not that you shouldn’t pay your debts, but the goal with this method is zero, null, cipher, nought, ought. Getting out of the negative and staying there.

Here’s a truth that’s so self-evident, tens of millions of people either miss it or are too dumb to act on it: paying bills is a lot easier when you have more money.

Hey, thanks a lot, Control Your Cash. Is water wet?

Strictly for research purposes, we counted 628 coupons in our most recent Sunday paper. Looking at each one and determining whether it’s for something we’d be interested in would have taken about 37 minutes, extrapolating from the few coupons we looked at. It takes considerably longer to cut them out than it does to look at them, which would make this close to a 2-hour ritual every week.

Yet some people swear by it. You saved $47.11 on groceries? Good for you. Every little bit helps, presumably.

Instead of spending 104 hours a year whittling down your grocery bill, try something different. Spend half that much time researching rental properties. They’re there for the asking. Make an offer on a modest little townhome in a refined part of town. Or a 2-bedroom condo in a slightly worse part of town. Find office space in an industrial park – there’s tons of it, everywhere except North Dakota. Finance it and rent it out to someone. Make friends with a realtor and let her do all the legwork. They work on commission, and most are sufficiently motivated to help you find something.

Yes, we’re telling you to take on more debt. Leverageable debt. As we’ve demonstrated again and again, you aren’t going to build wealth on a salary.

Here’s an example. We visited the Multiple Listing Service site for Seattle, Sea.TheMLSOnline.com, and found 13 townhouses that sit on golf courses. The cheapest of these townhouses is a 2-bedroom number that’s listed at $145,000. In case you haven’t been paying attention the last 3 years, it’s something of a buyer’s market. By the way, this research took us less than a minute. If you’re committed to earning money, and willing to spend a little more time, and actually live in the city where you plan to invest, you can find opportunities like this everywhere.

This unit will close at something like $135,000. Thirty-year fixed-rate mortgages are going for around 3.96% right now. Put $27,000 down, and your monthly payments will be $513.12. If you can rent it out for a modest $970 a month, you’ll clear $5400 a year. That’s an enormous return. Yes, a property manager and a home repair warranty will eat up part of that, but you’ll build equity on an asset that will probably grow in value. After all, scarcity is everything: they can’t cram another townhouse onto the 14th fairway. Best of all, your eventual renters are probably comparison shopping for laundry detergent as we speak.

But you didn’t learn “landlordship” in high school or college. They don’t teach that. Instead they teach Scandinavian history and modern dance.

Opportunities are there. You don’t need anything more than middle-school mathematical and English proficiency to take advantage of them, either. Why aren’t you rich?

**This article is featured in the Best of Money Carnival #134, The Christmas Songs Edition**

It’s REITcycle Friday!

What do Howard Stern and Control Your Cash have in common? Every Friday, we mail it in. Welcome to The Best Of, a/k/a Recycle Friday. In which we take a guest post we wrote a long time ago and see how it stacks up now. With annotations, if necessary. Today’s post about real estate investment trusts – “buildings in baskets”, as they’re called – originally ran on LenPenzo.com. It’s more informative than timely, and it appears that we don’t have to change a thing.

“You can’t make money in real estate these days. It’s impossible.”

Of course you can. The market isn’t “bad” – no market for any worthwhile commodity is either unequivocally good or bad. Real estate, whether raw land or fully improved buildings, obviously has a function and will continue to. Real estate, in and of itself, is not subject to obsolescence. You know, like ambergris or Pets.com stock.

As long as people enjoy living, working and shopping on the earth’s surface, real estate in general will remain a handsome investment for somebody. At least until we figure out levitation, which could be months away.

But public perception clouds everything. One staple of the local news over the last 18 months has been the sympathetic journalist interviewing the poor unfortunate who ended up in foreclosure, because he was mystified that adjustable-rate mortgages and fixed-rate mortgages are different things. So the population at large remains convinced that behind every real estate investment is an unscrupulous lender just waiting to take some nitroglycerin and a match to your life’s savings.

Two things:

a) Read the contract. There’s a reason why although millions of mortgage holders owe more money on their houses than they’re worth, no lender has yet been forced to offer restitution to a gullible homeowner: because mortgage contracts are airtight. Instead, to appease an angry and idiotic public the government has taken to making changes by fiat.

b) If that’s how you feel, why not be on the other side of the transaction?

Yeah, me. A real estate baron. Okay.

That’s exactly what we’re talking about. Via a handy creation called a Real Estate Investment Trust (the acronym is pronounced “reet”, as in the final syllable of “discreet”).

It operates on the same principle as a mutual fund – a fund manager creates an investment out of disparate pieces of other, more basic investments. In the case of a mutual fund, that means companies’ stocks, accumulated in differing proportions and sold to you and me in easily digestible chunks costing as little as $250. In the case of a REIT, a fund manager puts together real estate investments and lets you buy in.

This is not some new development. REITs have been around for 50 years. If you have a 401(k), there’s about a 4-to-1 chance that you’re investing in one right now and don’t even realize it. (Wait, you mean you’re one of the people who actually researches to determine what’s in his 401[k]? Congratulations. Gold star for you.)

So with a REIT, I’m buying little pieces of all my neighbors’ houses?

Doubtful. Not quite. Particular REITs specialize in different market segments. For instance, some focus on industrial sites only – factories, warehouses and their ilk.  Others invest solely in what are euphemistically called “entry-level” homes – mobile homes and starter apartment complexes. Some REITs even concentrate in market segments as arcane as storage facilities or medical buildings. (I’d link to examples of each one, but that means I’d run the risk of one of you investing his entire net worth in a particular REIT, losing every penny, then suing Len and me for making the hyperlink so tempting and easy to click on. It’s much easier to paint that scenario than to write an appropriately worded disclaimer.)

REITs even trade publicly, just like the mutual fund that comprises your 401(k) probably does. But unlike stocks and mutual funds, of which there are myriads upon myriads, REITs are less plentiful. Only about 200 REITs trade on the NYSE and NASDAQ boards, making REITs fairly easy to keep track of. There they are, on the ticker, right next to the ordinary stock quotes and index figures.  There are a few private REITs as well, but they’re only for the extremely wealthy and the connected. Let’s just say that the people who buy into them aren’t reading about them here.

You know what a dividend is, right? An annual (or quarterly, or in rare cases monthly) cash payment that a company makes to its stockholders, just for owning the stock. Managers do this to make the stock more attractive compared to other stocks you might be thinking about buying: you can think of the dividend as just a consistent discount on the price of the stock.

Well, not only do many REITs offer dividends, the ones that do offer dividend yields about quadruple those of stocks that do. When you buy a REIT, ideally you’re more interested in receiving regular income payments than in watching your stock appreciate so much that you can cash out and spend the rest of your life floating in a pool and scarfing down bonbons.  REITs bottomed out last March: the index that measures their overall value (the Dow Jones Equity All REIT Index) fell 75% from its high of 2 years earlier. But since reaching its nadir, it’s more than doubled. Again, this isn’t about finding something undervalued and loading up on it – it’s about generating regular revenue while everyone around you complains about how the market is cruel and mean and why can’t my house be worth more just because I want it to?

**This article is featured in the Totally Money Blog Carnival #25-Start of Summer Edition**